That rational souls then are immortal, a person might, according to this man, firmly assert; but whether the irrational are so likewise, is a doubtful point. For it is probable that irrational souls, driven about by a mere phantasy, and making no use of either reasoning or judgment, or contemplation and their combination, or intellectual apprehension, but, being altogether without thought, belong neither to a nature perceptible by mind, nor to an existence the same as the rational, and are mortal and corruptible. ... The soul of the gods too possesses the judging faculty, which may be called Gnostic, and the impelling, which a person would name the Parastatic, and the appropriating; which powers, existing in human souls likewise, after being invested with body, receive, as it were, a change, the appropriating into the feeling of desire, and the impelling into that of anger. — Alcinous, *Handbook of Platonism*, Ch. 25, trans. George Burges (1854), pp. 290–291. *Surface Gloss:* Purely irrational souls are likely mortal. Yet even the souls of the gods possess three faculties—judging (Gnostic), impelling (Parastatic), and appropriating. Humans have these same three divine powers, but when clothed in a mortal body, the appropriating power mutates into desire and the impelling into anger. **Refracted Faculties (Vice as Warped Infrastructure):** Destructive human drives are not alien bugs; they are high-level executive functions warped by a high-friction environment. Greed and lust are just the "Appropriating Faculty" (the power to claim, integrate, and steward) running through a scarcity-driven body; rage is just the "Impelling Faculty" (pure executive momentum) firing under threat. Don't amputate the drive—upgrade the medium it's running through.
— In our words · Source: Handbook of Platonism (Alcinous)