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The Prince

by Niccolò Machiavelli

8 cards

Power mechanics — Machiavelli's 1532 classic on how principalities are won, held, and lost: virtue, fortune, and the economy of cruelty.

Card #c116Synthesis

The naturalness of acquiring

The wish to acquire is in truth very natural and common, and men always do so when they can, and for this they will be praised not blamed; but when they cannot do so, yet wish to do so by any means, then there is folly and blame.

— In our words · Source: The Prince (Niccolò Machiavelli)

[Use when]

When someone moralizes ambition itself instead of how it is pursued.

[Why it matters]

Sets the book’s moral frame: expansion itself is natural and praiseworthy; only incompetent expansion is folly.

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Card #c117Synthesis

The innovator’s enemies

And it ought to be remembered that there is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things, because the innovator has for enemies all those who have done well under the old conditions, and lukewarm defenders in those who may do well under the new.

— In our words · Source: The Prince (Niccolò Machiavelli)

[Use when]

When a reform or reorg stalls and you need the mechanism, not the morale speech.

[Why it matters]

The original statement of why reform is hard: the old order’s beneficiaries fight, the new order’s beneficiaries don’t believe yet.

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Card #c118Synthesis

Severities, properly used

Those may be called properly used, if of evil it is possible to speak well, that are applied at one blow and are necessary to one’s security, and that are not persisted in afterwards unless they can be turned to the advantage of the subjects.

— In our words · Source: The Prince (Niccolò Machiavelli)

[Use when]

When debating whether to rip the bandage off.

[Why it matters]

The economy of cruelty: all necessary harm at one stroke, then benefits; the drip-feed of harm is what loses states.

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Card #c119Synthesis

The real truth of the matter

But, it being my intention to write a thing which shall be useful to him who apprehends it, it appears to me more appropriate to follow up the real truth of the matter than the imagination of it; for many have pictured republics and principalities which in fact have never been known or seen, because how one lives is so far distant from how one ought to live, that he who neglects what is done for what ought to be done, sooner effects his ruin than his preservation

— In our words · Source: The Prince (Niccolò Machiavelli)

[Use when]

When a plan is built on how people should behave.

[Why it matters]

The book’s method in one line: study what is done, not what ought to be done, because the distance between them ruins the virtuous.

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Card #c120Synthesis

Feared, not loved

It may be answered that one should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, it is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with. Because this is to be asserted in general of men, that they are ungrateful, fickle, false, cowardly, covetous, and as long as you succeed they are yours entirely; they will offer you their blood, property, life, and children, as is said above, when the need is far distant; but when it approaches they turn against you.

— In our words · Source: The Prince (Niccolò Machiavelli)

[Use when]

When trust is being treated as a strategy.

[Why it matters]

Love is voluntary and fickle; fear is a bond you control. The cold logic of relying on other men’s promises.

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Card #c121Synthesis

The fox and the lion

so it is necessary for a prince to know how to make use of both natures, and that one without the other is not durable. A prince, therefore, being compelled knowingly to adopt the beast, ought to choose the fox and the lion; because the lion cannot defend himself against snares and the fox cannot defend himself against wolves. Therefore, it is necessary to be a fox to discover the snares and a lion to terrify the wolves.

— In our words · Source: The Prince (Niccolò Machiavelli)

[Use when]

When someone is all-lawyer or all-muscle.

[Why it matters]

Force without cunning walks into snares; cunning without force cannot hold what it takes. One without the other is not durable.

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Card #c122Synthesis

Judge by the result

Every one sees what you appear to be, few really know what you are, and those few dare not oppose themselves to the opinion of the many, who have the majesty of the state to defend them; and in the actions of all men, and especially of princes, which it is not prudent to challenge, one judges by the result.

— In our words · Source: The Prince (Niccolò Machiavelli)

[Use when]

When a winner’s methods go unexamined.

[Why it matters]

The many see the surface and the few who see through it dare not contradict the many — outcomes launder methods.

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Card #c123Synthesis

Fortune favors the bold

For my part I consider that it is better to be adventurous than cautious, because fortune is a woman, and if you wish to keep her under it is necessary to beat and ill-use her; and it is seen that she allows herself to be mastered by the adventurous rather than by those who go to work more coldly.

— In our words · Source: The Prince (Niccolò Machiavelli)

[Use when]

When caution is being sold as prudence in a volatile moment.

[Why it matters]

Fortune is changeful and men are steadfast in their ways; boldness is the only stance that can master chance.

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